Our Aim & Outcomes for today:
By the end of this session you will be able to desribe the models of disability, considering the impact of the models on the indiviudal with additional needs.
- Discusss the term 'normal' within society
- Identify the different models of disability and outline the main points in own notes
- Consider the impact of the model on the way indiviudals with additionals needs are treated
By the end of this session you will be able to desribe the models of disability, considering the impact of the models on the indiviudal with additional needs.
- Discusss the term 'normal' within society
- Identify the different models of disability and outline the main points in own notes
- Consider the impact of the model on the way indiviudals with additionals needs are treated
'The assumption here is that “normal” is automatically desirable and to be aspired to.' (Jane, 2012)
WARNING: This video contains images which may be upsetting.
"Freak shows" used to be a popular pastime in Victorian times where people with "unusual" or "different" bodies would be shown off and exploited for the benefit of an audience. (BBC, 2015) Haffter (1968) has pointed out that in medieval Europe disability was associated with evil and witchcraft. Deformed and disabled children were seen as 'changelings' or the Devil's substitutes for human children, the outcome of their parents' involvement with the black arts or sorcery. |
New York Fashion Week 2015
London Paralympics 2012
Using the World Health Organisation website find out what they say the meaning of disability and impairment is....
Disability
Impairment
Impairment
Medical Model of Disability
Our society often considers disability to be a tragedy for the indiviudal - this links to the tragedy/charity model which depicts people as victims who deserve pity. It is thought that they are 'brave' because 'despite their disability' they still manage to be happy and achieve. This model suggests that disabled indiviudals are expected to be grateful for all they recieve.
The medical model sees people as ill or sick and as patients. Under this model disabled indiviudals must be 'cured' or 'made better.' It is thought that the only experts are medical professionals.
In this situation and mindset indiviudals usually have things 'done' for them, which ultimatley leads to disempowerment by those who 'know best.'
Through thsi model in terms of employment, indiviudals are perceived as a hazard and disabled indiviudals are seen as having a great risk of being ill or 'off sick' - which statistically is not true.
In education terms this has resulted in serpate education for many children with disabilities.
The medical model sees people as ill or sick and as patients. Under this model disabled indiviudals must be 'cured' or 'made better.' It is thought that the only experts are medical professionals.
In this situation and mindset indiviudals usually have things 'done' for them, which ultimatley leads to disempowerment by those who 'know best.'
Through thsi model in terms of employment, indiviudals are perceived as a hazard and disabled indiviudals are seen as having a great risk of being ill or 'off sick' - which statistically is not true.
In education terms this has resulted in serpate education for many children with disabilities.
Social Model of Disability
In contrast, the social model sees the disability as the result of a person with an impairment living in a world with barriers. These barriers present themselves in many forms, including technological, physical, communication and in social attitudes. The social model purports that for full inclusion, there must be significant changes made and barriers removed so that people with disability can participate on an equal basis within society.
'DISABILITY is the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a society which takes little or no account of people who have impairments and thus excludes them from mainstream activity. (Therefore disability, like racism or sexism, is discrimination and social oppression).
IMPAIRMENT is a characteristic, feature or attribute within an individual which is long term and may, or may not, be the result of disease, genetics or injury and may:
1. Affect that individual’s appearance in a way which is not acceptable to society,
And / or
2. Affect the function of that individual’s mind or body, either because of or regardless of society,
And / or
3. Cause pain, fatigue, affect'
Thomas, Gradwell & Markham (1997)
IMPAIRMENT is a characteristic, feature or attribute within an individual which is long term and may, or may not, be the result of disease, genetics or injury and may:
1. Affect that individual’s appearance in a way which is not acceptable to society,
And / or
2. Affect the function of that individual’s mind or body, either because of or regardless of society,
And / or
3. Cause pain, fatigue, affect'
Thomas, Gradwell & Markham (1997)
John was born blind, but reads and writes very well in Braille.
He sometimes has problems when he is out and about, as he cannot read signs and instructions (such as where to find the lift in a public building, or how to operate a vending machine).
Social Model's view of what makes John disabled Medical Model's view of what makes John disabled
Using the learning centre resources (E-books Ebrary) and websites please do further research on both models and create a leaflet/poster DESCRIBING the perspectives of both models.
You could use the following questions to guide what you write for each model:
Where might the model have originated from? What has influence it?
How might it influence how society sees someone with a disability?
How has this impacted on services?
How might this effect the life experience of someone with a disability?
Make sure you include a definition of Impairment and Disability.
You could use the following questions to guide what you write for each model:
Where might the model have originated from? What has influence it?
How might it influence how society sees someone with a disability?
How has this impacted on services?
How might this effect the life experience of someone with a disability?
Make sure you include a definition of Impairment and Disability.
References
BBC (2015) Circus act with disabled performers. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34140935 [Last Accesed: 8th September]
Jane (2012) The 'Models' of Disability. Available at: http://www.evenbreak.co.uk/blog/models-of-disability/ [Last Accessed: 8th September]
Middleton (1999) Intellectual disability. Available at: http://www.intellectualdisability.co.nz/disabilityissues.php?id=11 [Last Accesed: 8th September]
Thomas, P. Gradwell, L & Markham, N (1997) Defining Impairment within the Social Model of Disability. Available at: http://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/files/library/thomas-pam-Defining-Impairment-within-the-Social-Model-of-Disability.pdf [Last Accesed: 9th September]
BBC (2015) Circus act with disabled performers. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34140935 [Last Accesed: 8th September]
Jane (2012) The 'Models' of Disability. Available at: http://www.evenbreak.co.uk/blog/models-of-disability/ [Last Accessed: 8th September]
Middleton (1999) Intellectual disability. Available at: http://www.intellectualdisability.co.nz/disabilityissues.php?id=11 [Last Accesed: 8th September]
Thomas, P. Gradwell, L & Markham, N (1997) Defining Impairment within the Social Model of Disability. Available at: http://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/files/library/thomas-pam-Defining-Impairment-within-the-Social-Model-of-Disability.pdf [Last Accesed: 9th September]
Our Aim & Outcomes for today:
By the end of this session you will be able to desribe the models of disability, considering the impact of the models on the indiviudal with additional needs.
- Explore the Normalisation model and Holistic model
- Transfer knowledge to own notes/leaflet
- Consider the impact of the model on the way indiviudals with additionals needs are treated
By the end of this session you will be able to desribe the models of disability, considering the impact of the models on the indiviudal with additional needs.
- Explore the Normalisation model and Holistic model
- Transfer knowledge to own notes/leaflet
- Consider the impact of the model on the way indiviudals with additionals needs are treated
Special Needs Hotel - https://replay.exe-coll.ac.uk/Play/20052
Normalisation model of disability
The normalisation model saw the removal of indiviudals with additional needs from institutions into the community. It was a move towards a more humanistic, egalitarian value base, emphasising freedom of choice and the right to self dertermination (Perrin & Nirje, 1985:71)
Other than relocating indiviudals with additional needs from institutions to the community, little else changed about the nature of how the service user was treated. This was often due to igrnorance - professionals and other workers have generally not received adequate training to throw off the long historical legacy of institutionalised working practice and simply have not know to offer different, more approrpriate forms of care.
To put it simply - This is about trying to make them 'normal' and ignoring their additional needs.
To put it simply - This is about trying to make them 'normal' and ignoring their additional needs.
Perrin, B and nirje, B/ (1985) Setting the record straight: A critque of some frequent misconceptions of the normalisation principle. Austratalian and new Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities 11:69-74
Holistic model of Disability
Looking at the whole person, not just the 'disabled' part of them.
This model takes into account the persons body, that includes any disease or disability, their mind, emotions, and spiritual life. Holistic health combines the best of modern scientific diagnosis and monitoring techniques with both ancient and innovative health promotion methods.
The holistic approach could include natural diet and herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, exercise, relaxation, psycho-spiritual counselling, meditation, breathing exercises etc. It is frequently associated with alternative medicine, however it's increasingly being used in mainstream health and social care settings as part of a broad view of patient care.
Addressing the signs & symptoms of disease or disability, but also the entire person as a whole and their current life style, including family, job, and religious life, culture and or disabilities. Thus emphasising health maintenance, high-level wellness and longevity, and views the client as an active participant in their own well being and care, rather than simply a passive recipient of "health care".
This model takes into account the persons body, that includes any disease or disability, their mind, emotions, and spiritual life. Holistic health combines the best of modern scientific diagnosis and monitoring techniques with both ancient and innovative health promotion methods.
The holistic approach could include natural diet and herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, exercise, relaxation, psycho-spiritual counselling, meditation, breathing exercises etc. It is frequently associated with alternative medicine, however it's increasingly being used in mainstream health and social care settings as part of a broad view of patient care.
Addressing the signs & symptoms of disease or disability, but also the entire person as a whole and their current life style, including family, job, and religious life, culture and or disabilities. Thus emphasising health maintenance, high-level wellness and longevity, and views the client as an active participant in their own well being and care, rather than simply a passive recipient of "health care".
Task
Add these two models to your poster/leaflet.
Add these two models to your poster/leaflet.